Introduction: The annual prevalence of Multiple Myeloma in patients aged between 65 and 74 years old is 31 cases for every 100 000 people and increases to 46 cases per 100 000 people in patients older than 75 years old. Objectives: To clinically characterize patients with multiple myeloma treated at a referral center in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, and to estimate their survival. Methods: Retrospective cohort study. For data collection, secondary sources listed in the cadastral database and complementation with data records was used. The descriptive analysis was performed by using the Epi Info program, version 3.5.2 and the survival analysis used Statistic Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 22. Results: Out of the 39 patients studied, 17 (43.6%) were male, and 22 (56.4%) were female, with an average age of 66.3 years old. The main medication therapeutic regimen was the combination of Cyclophosphamide, Thalidomide, and Dexamethasone (CTD), as the most medical prescription used in 63.6% of cases. Only 38.5% had other comorbidities and 46.2% of patients developed plasmacytoma. In the International Staging System (ISS), stage III prevailed with 30.8% among the evaluated patients. The cumulative probability of global survival rate showed a disease with a survival rate of 50% of the sample in about 36 months (three years) after diagnosis is confirmed.

Leukemia is a group of clonal diseases derived from a single cell with a genetic alteration in bone marrow or peripheral lymphoid tissue, and each type is determined by the specificity of the source cell. The objective of this research was to synthesize studies that characterize the clinical and epidemiological profile of patients with leukemia, the types of treatments used, duration and outcomes for the cases. This study is an integrative review of literature through databases Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), SCOPUS, Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and Science Direct. There were 4,274 articles rescued in the initial search, 188 were selected to compose the review sample after applying all the criteria for inclusion and exclusion adopted. Full articles were grouped into four categories, according to the variables of research: (a) more frequent subtypes of leukemia; (B) most widely used treatment; (C) duration of treatment; and (d) endpoint of the cases. It is concluded a prevalence of leukemia in pediatric patients, with a predominance of the subtype Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL). In general, the male population is more affected by hematological malignancies. As the therapy is used, each leukemia subtype had its peculiarities regarding the treatment, especially the introduction of imatinib for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and prophylactic cranial irradiation for cases of ALL. Chronic leukemia showed higher treatment duration. There was a significant improvement in survival of Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Chronic Lymphoblastic leukemia, CML and ALL, approximately with 90% cure rate in children.

Introducción: La idea de exclusión competitiva es indiscutible cuando se trata de animales y bacterias que intentan ocupar el mismo nicho ecológico, pero su aplicación a la coinfección viral no es tan sencilla de interpretar. La interferencia viral es un fenómeno en el que un virus suprime competitivamente la replicación de otros virus coinfectantes y es el resultado más común de las coinfecciones virales.

Objetivo: Comprender mejor el comportamiento de las infecciones respiratorias concomitantes en escenarios de brotes comunitarios y de forma individual en entornos hospitalarios e individuos con comorbilidades.

Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda de información en las bases de datos MEDLINE / PubMed, SciELO y LILACS. También se consideraron artículos publicados en el repositorio de preimpresión medRxiv y los informes de los Centros para el Control y Prevención de enfermedades de los Estados Unidos de América. Mediante el gestor de referencias Mendeley, se eliminaron los duplicados y aquellos que no se ajustaban al objetivo del estudio, seleccionando 48 artículos para la revisión.

Análisis y síntesis de la in formación: En la literatura científica se encontró evidencia que sustenta la exclusión competitiva viral entre virus relacionados que comparten células susceptibles y permisivas.

Conclusión: La exclusión competitiva impide que dos virus que comparten rutas de transmisión similares y el mismo órgano diana, infecten no sólo al mismo tiempo, sino que también se propaguen con éxito. Por lo tanto, la sindemia producida por virus que comparten estas características podría ser un evento improbable.

 

Introduction: Hemophilia is an inherited bleeding disorder; its incidence is almost constant in different populations. Since the 80^th decade a multidisciplinary group for the care of patients with hemophilia was created at the Instituto de Hematología e Inmunología.  Nowadays a national comprehensive care program allows patients to receive a continuous monitoring and an effective treatment. Objective: To know prevalence of patients with hemophilia in Cuba.  Results: Data of 229 patients from 5 provinces and the special municipality Isla de la Juventud were included, which covered 58,71% of the total patients registered in Cuba. The information included demographic data, severity of hemophilia, presence of inhibitors and infection status for viral diseases. Hemophilia A patients were 188 (82.10 %) and 41 (17.90 %) with hemophilia B.   The disease was severe in 56.33 % of patients, moderate in 24 %, and mild in 19.70 %. Inhibitors were present in 17.03 % of the patients. Human immunodeficiency virus infection was present only in 0.87 % of patients and hepatitis C virus infection in 39.03 %. The mean age at diagnosis was 2.15 years. Conclusions: The general age-adjusted prevalence was 9.63 cases of hemophilia per 100 000 male and the main prevalence of patients was found in ages between 20 and 59 years.