β2-microglobulin as a tumor marker in chronic malignant blood diseases of lymphoid lineage: molecular, analytical and semiological aspects

Authors

  • Pedro Sánchez Frenes Banco de Sangre Provincial de Cienfuegos
  • Pedro Javier Sánchez Sánchez Centro Provincial de Genética Médica. Cienfuegos.
  • Julio Dámaso Fernández Águila Servicio de Hematología. Hospital General Docente “Dr. Gustavo Aldereguía Lima”. Cienfuegos
  • María de Jesús Sánchez Bouza Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Cienfuegos.

Keywords:

tumor marker, β2-microglobulin, chronic lymphoproliferative syndrome, malignant blood diseases.

Abstract

Introduction: The use of biomarkers in clinical practice has revolutionized diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic criteria for oncological diseases. One of them, β2-microglobulin, is used in chronic hematological malignancies of lymphoid origin. Objective: To analyze molecular, analytical and semiological aspects of β2-microglobulin in the clinical context of chronic lymphoproliferative syndrome. Method: A literature review was carried out, in English and Spanish, through the PubMed and Scielo websites and the Google Scholar search engine of articles published in the last 10 years on the subject. Conclusions: β2-microglobulin is a small peptide that integrates the molecules of the HLA system. Several types of immunoassays are used for its quantification in serum, plasma, urine and other biological fluids. Its elevated levels suggest the presence of a health problem, but do not indicate the diagnosis of any specific disease. Its clinical utility as a tumor marker is not agreed upon for all the diseases that make up the chronic lymphoproliferative syndrome. In multiple myeloma and chronic lymphoid leukemia, it is used in its prognosis and staging, while for lymphomas there is a plurality in the clinical use of this laboratory test. β2-microglobulin is a promising molecule for cancer management, not only as a tumor marker, but also as a possible therapeutic target.

Author Biographies

Pedro Sánchez Frenes, Banco de Sangre Provincial de Cienfuegos

Medico especialista de 2do Grado en Laboratorio Clínico. Departamento aferesis.

Pedro Javier Sánchez Sánchez, Centro Provincial de Genética Médica. Cienfuegos.

Especialista de primer grado en laboratorio clínico. Profesor instructor.

Julio Dámaso Fernández Águila, Servicio de Hematología. Hospital General Docente “Dr. Gustavo Aldereguía Lima”. Cienfuegos

Especialista de segundo grado en hematología. Máster en Ensayos Clínicos. Profesor Asistente. Investigador Auxiliar.

María de Jesús Sánchez Bouza, Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Cienfuegos.

Especialista de segundo grado en bioquímica clínica. Master en Enfermedades Infecciosas. Profesora auxiliar. Investigador agregado. Departamento de Ciencias Básicas Biomédicas.

Published

2023-07-17

How to Cite

1.
Sánchez Frenes P, Sánchez Sánchez PJ, Fernández Águila JD, Sánchez Bouza M de J. β2-microglobulin as a tumor marker in chronic malignant blood diseases of lymphoid lineage: molecular, analytical and semiological aspects. Rev Cubana Hematol Inmunol Hemoter [Internet]. 2023 Jul. 17 [cited 2024 Dec. 27];39(1). Available from: https://revhematologia.sld.cu/index.php/hih/article/view/1806

Issue

Section

HEMATOLOGÍA

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