Clinical characterization and detection of autoantibodies in pediatric patients with immunoglobulin A deficiency

Authors

Keywords:

immunodeficiencies, immunoglobulin A deficiency, autoimmunity, autoantibodies

Abstract

Introduction: Immunoglobulin A deficiency has been associated with autoimmune diseases and autoantibodies, but the studies into pediatrics are meager.

Objective: To characterize the clinical and autoimmune patterns in pediatric patients with immunoglobulin A deficiency

Method: Fundamental research oriented, descriptive and correlational, in 120 patients with primary and secondary immunoglobulin A deficiency ("William Soler Ledea" hospital, 2018 - 2022); analyzed clinical variables, quantification of immunoglobulin A and determination of autoantibodies; hypothesis tests were used (significant, p<0.05). Results: A prevalence of secondary immunoglobulin A deficiency (65.8%) was found due to the use of NSAIDs (84.8%) and respiratory infections (71.7%). In primary immunoglobulin A deficiency, lower respiratory infection (70.9%) and respiratory complications were observed in more than 75.0% of cases. The clinical manifestations of autoimmunity were varied and independent of the type of immunodeficiency (p=0.1373). An association between the rheumatoid factor and the type of immunodeficiency was found (p=0.0328), and a dependency relationship between the autoantibodies detected and the clinical manifestations of autoimmunity in patients (p<0.05).

Conclusions: IgA deficiency is a heterogeneous disease with a high incidence in children, which may be asymptomatic or with mild symptoms. In some cases, it may develop into a severe form of humoral defect, related to autoantibodies and the presence of clinical manifestations of autoimmunity. This requires monitoring, since additional symptoms may develop that require specific study and targeted treatment.

Author Biographies

Jesús Salím Burón Hernández, Hospital Pediátrico Universitario William Soler Profesor del Instituto de Ciencias Basicas y Preclínicas Victoria de Girón

Médico Especialista de Segundo Grado en Inmunología

Máster en Inmunología Básica

Profesor Auxiliar del Instituto de Ciencias Básicas y Preclínicas Victoria de Girón

Investigador Agregado

Concepción Insua Arregui, Hospital Pediatrico Universitario William Soler

Médico especialista de Segundo Grado en Inmunología. Máster en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Bioética. Profesor Auxiliar. Investigador Agregado. Hospital Pediátrico Docente William Soler Ledea, La Habana, Cuba.

Jefe de Servicio del departamento de Alergia e Inmunología

Oramis Sosa Palacios, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7074-8853

Estomatólogo especialista de Segundo Grado en Bioestadística. Máster en Informática de Salud. Profesor Auxiliar. Investigador Auxiliar.  Hospital Pediátrico Docente William Soler Ledea, La Habana, Cuba.

Published

2024-11-19

How to Cite

1.
Burón Hernández JS, Insua Arregui C, Sosa Palacios O. Clinical characterization and detection of autoantibodies in pediatric patients with immunoglobulin A deficiency. Rev Cubana Hematol Inmunol Hemoter [Internet]. 2024 Nov. 19 [cited 2024 Dec. 22];40. Available from: https://revhematologia.sld.cu/index.php/hih/article/view/1897

Issue

Section

INMUNOLOGÍA

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