Age-related variation of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio by microcytic anemia in children under 24 months from a rural Andean population of Ecuador

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Abstract

Introduction: The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) changes with age during infancy, but it is unknown whether this variation differs in children with microcytic anemia, a common phenotype in rural Andean areas.

Objective: To assess the association between age and NLR by microcytic anemia status in children aged 1–23 months from a rural Andean population in Ecuador.

Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study conducted in 2024 with convenience sampling in 237 children aged 1–23 months from the canton of Alausí. We defined microcytic anemia as altitude-adjusted hemoglobin below 10.5 g/dL and mean corpuscular volume below 70 fL. We calculated NLR from the automated complete blood count. We used Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests, Spearman correlation, and linear regression of the log-transformed NLR, including age, microcytic anemia, their interaction, and sex.

Results: Microcytic anemia was present in 20.7% of the children. The median NLR was 0.386 and rose from 0.309 at 1–5 months to 0.480 at 18–23 months (H = 19.45; p < 0.001); the 1–5-month group differed from the 12–17- and 18–23-month groups. Age was positively correlated with NLR (ρ = 0.296; p < 0.001). NLR did not differ between children with and without microcytic anemia (p = 0.751). In the sex-adjusted model, age was associated with log-NLR (B = 0.023 per month; p = 0.001), and the age × microcytic anemia interaction was not significant (p = 0.345).

Conclusions: In children aged 1–23 months from Alausí, NLR increased with age, and this association did not differ by microcytic anemia status. Consider age when interpreting and comparing NLR during the first two years of life.

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Published

2026-11-14

How to Cite

1.
Orozco Pilco JA, Robalino Flores X del R, Aguilar Balseca MA, Monar Basantes SP. Age-related variation of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio by microcytic anemia in children under 24 months from a rural Andean population of Ecuador. Rev Cubana Hematol Inmunol Hemoter [Internet]. 2026 Nov. 14 [cited 2026 Nov. 15];42:e2413. Available from: https://revhematologia.sld.cu/index.php/hih/article/view/2413

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Section

HEMATOLOGÍA